Tag Archives: Libya

Stolen History: Who Owns the Past? (series)

Stolen History: Who Owns the Past? looks at the status of cultural treasures taken from their country of origin. Voices demanding repatriation are getting stronger. Museum directors talk about why their institution is the rightful owner and custodian of certain objects. People demanding repatriation explain the necessity of guarding their cultural heritage in an accessible place in the home country. Stolen History: Who Owns the Past? also looks at the situation in the Middle East and how that affects the cultural heritage of certain areas. The turmoil in Iraq, Egypt, Libya and Syria has led to mayhem in the cultural heritage domain: looted museums and looted archeological sites. This is ongoing. To make money, ISIS was selling looting licenses to entrepreneurs and professional art thieves. Looting now takes place on industrial scale, totally out of control.

 

Episode 1 – Conflicts and Resolutions  

This first episode looks at the status of cultural treasures taken from their country of origin during colonial times. Voices demanding repatriation are getting stronger. Museum directors talk about why their institution is the rightful owner and custodian of certain objects. Cultural activists demanding repatriation explain the necessity of guarding their cultural heritage in an accessible place in the home country. Nefertiti is in Berlin, The Parthenon Marbles are in London, The Rosetta Stone is in Paris and many other priceless historical pieces in many other capitals of the West, all house objects that are at the centre of a heated discussion. Legal and ethical questions in a tug of war make this debate a murky one, at best. However, there are examples of cases where a mutually beneficial solution has been found.


Episode 2 – Permission and Denial

The second episode focuses on the Parthenon marbles from Athens which is the best-known example of cultural heritage where there is a heavy ongoing debate. Should the marbles be unified? Should the country of origin have a say in how cultural heritage is introduced far away from home? Problems created by people long ago which need to be solved.


Episode 3 – Iconoclasm and Resurrection

This last episode looks at the current situation in the Middle East and how that affects the cultural heritage of certain areas. The turmoil in Iraq, Egypt, Libya and Syria has led to mayhem in the cultural heritage domain: looted museums and looted archeological sites. This has not stopped. Financing terror organizations like the Islamic State happens by selling looting licenses to entrepreneurs and professional art thieves. Looting and forgeries now take place on an industrial scale, polluting our common history.

Sahara (series)

Series Synopsis

For centuries colonialists have bypassed the Sahara. The largest sand desert on the planet was too hot and too impenetrable.

Now, Europe seems to have shifted its southern border to the Sahara in order to stop migration and combat terrorism. How do the inhabitants of the Sahara feel about this interference?

In Sahara, a new three episode series, Bram Vermeulen crosses the desert from west to east, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea.

He experiences the heat, the dangers of advancing jihadism, the desperation of migrants, the hidden world of slavery, uncovers human trafficking networks and he meets with locals in one of the most inhospitable places on earth.

 

Episode 1 – The Secret of Mauritania

In the far west of the Sahara lies Mauritania. Ten years ago, this country was a busy crossing for migrants from West Africa to the Canary Islands, but since the Spanish coast guard have taken up patrols, no one has gotten through.

Mauritania is one of those countries that has managed to escape the attention of the world press. A country of sand where the first cities were not built until the 1960s, but urbanisation has brought many desert customs to the city. Notorious is the habit of force-feeding young girls with camel milk and breadcrumbs dipped in olive oil, a banned custom intended to make them more attractive on the marriage market.

It turns out that there is much more happening in Mauritania that they would rather hide.

Officially, slavery was abolished in Mauritania in 1981, nearly a century after the rest of the world had banned it, but activists are still fighting every day to free tens of thousands of black Mauritanians who are owned by others. They have no rights. They do not get paid. Women who have children, often by their owners, have to give their children their owners’ last names, and the children are not entitled to an education. And the battle against slavery is hazardous for activists, lawyers and the journalists who report on it.

 

Episode 2 – Timbuktu at the Crossroads

Timbuktu was a dream destination for any traveller brave enough to cross the Sahara. Centuries ago, mythical stories were told about Timbuktu; the streets were said to be paved in gold.

In 2012 the city was taken by an alliance of Tuareg separatists and Ansar Dine Jihadists. They realised the dream of generations of Tuareg nomads: their own state, under the name of Azawad. Ancient tombs were destroyed and for nine months, Timbuktu lived under the strict sharia regime until the French army was brought in to free the city.

We meet the owner of the only bar in Timbuktu, the son of a mixed marriage between a Malian mother and a French soldier. It was this ancestry that saved his life on the day that the Jihadists took over the city. Everyone in Timbuktu has two identities. The local journalist who had to run propaganda for the occupiers to stay alive. The young women who were abused by the Jihadists, but then came back to celebrate and dance to a song that praises the ideals of their abusers.

Timbuktu it seems remains a dangerous city in the grips of an identity crisis.

 

Episode 3 – Niger: Stuck in the Middle

For centuries, the frontier desert-city of Agadez was the starting point for travellers crossing the Sahara; the hub between West Africa and the Mediterranean, but the European migration panic has had a huge impact on Agadez. Under pressure from Brussels and in receipt of substantial payments, the government of Niger has adopted a law prohibiting the transport of migrants.

The law has left over 6000 smugglers unemployed. Their cars have been confiscated, many have been arrested, and most of the migrants in Agadez have been sent back to neighbouring countries of Algeria and Libya.
Today, Agadez is an angry city. The EU had promised alternative employment, but of the 6000 candidates, only 200 jobs materialised. The former smugglers blame their own bureaucrats who charged fees to assist them in filling in forms, but then sat back and did nothing.

Some of the smugglers have moved to the goldmines in the Sahara, indescribably difficult work in the 45 degree heat, and a far cry from their lucrative former employment.

There is a volatile atmosphere in the streets of Agadez. Monday always used to be the day of departure for the smugglers. Can it be that the smugglers of Agadez have found a new way to circumvent the wishes to Europe and the blockades?

Closed Sea

Closed Sea reveals the untold story of the endangered migrants who attempted to escape Libya to Italy during the 2011 war, only to be returned to the hands of Gaddafi as a result of a prior agreement signed between Berlusconi and Gaddafi.

During a perilous journey by boat from Libya to Italy, our protagonists become adrift, facing near certain death on the waves. A sighting, and subsequent rescue, by the Italian Navy cause scenes of unbridled joy and celebration – all captured by the stranded refuges on camera-phone.

Their joy though was to be short lived as it soon became clear that their rescuers had other plans.

Closed Sea meets the refugees who were forced back into the hands of the dictator, and witnesses the abuses faced by those who dared to attempt an escape. Families are divided and in limbo as Gaddafi’s regime crumbles and the revolution gains pace, though it is the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg that truly determine the final fate of our protagonists.

From their battered vessels and failed rescue to their subsequent imprisonment, tenure at a refugee camp and onward to the distant European Court of Human Rights. Closed Sea captures the dramatic stories of those whose lives were torn apart and forgotten, not just by Gaddafi, but his allies in Europe who claim to stand for freedom and human dignity.

Along Gaddafi’s Road

For the first time in 42 years, a camera enters Southern Libya in what was forbidden territory under the Gaddafi regime.

Shortly after Gaddafi’s demise, we accompany members of the disgraced Tabu tribe along the road to their impoverished desert territory near the Algeria-Niger-Chad borders 1000 Km from Tripoli.

Electricity has been on again for barely two months, mobile phones haven’t worked for seven. Fuel is scarce and queues are endlessly long. Two widespread weapons are in use: sat phones and Kalashnikovs.

Closely guarded by rebel escorts for security reasons, we follow the illegal immigrants route all the way to the Niger border. We discover how Gaddafi challenged Europe at the beginning of the revolution by sending and financing flows of migrants. Rebels, smugglers and victims of the old regime tell their stories.

The desert’s well-preserved secrets now finally come to light.